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Petrowiki SPE Disciplines. Highlight matches. Any in SPE Disciplines (220) Geologic Time. Highlight matches. Any in Geologic Time (3) Date. Earlier than January, 2017 (2) 2020 …
Petrowiki SPE Disciplines. Highlight matches. Any in SPE Disciplines (220) Geologic Time. Highlight matches. Any in Geologic Time (3) Date. Earlier than January, 2017 (2) 2020 …
Short-radius horizontal wells have build rates of 5 to 10°/3 ft (1.5 to 3°/ft), which equates to radii of 40 to 20 ft. The length of the lateral section varies between 200 and 900 ft. Short-radius wells are drilled with specialized drilling tools and techniques. This profile is most commonly drilled as a re-entry from any existing well.
Directional drilling. Directional drilling is defined as the practice of controlling the direction and deviation of a wellbore to a predetermined underground target or location. This section describes why directional drilling is required, the sort of well paths that are used, and the tools and methods employed to drill those wells.
The first term on the right side of Eq. 8.1 is a linear elastic term that converts the effective vertical stress on the rock grains into an effective horizontal stress on the rock grains. The second term in Eq. 8.1 represents the stress generated by the fluid pressure in the pore space.
There are three basic steps in evaluating pressure-transient data from a horizontal well: Identify the specific flow regimes in the test data. Apply the proper analytical and graphical procedures to the data. Evaluate the uniqueness and sensitivity of the results to properties derived from analysis or simply assumed.
In many cases, especially for low-permeability formations, damaged reservoirs, or horizontal wells in a layered reservoir, the well would be uneconomical …
More information can be found in Determination of flow efficiency and skin.. Damage mechanisms. Formation damage is a combination of several mechanisms including: Solids plugging.Fig. 2 shows that the plugging of the reservoir-rock pore spaces can be caused by the fine solids in the mud filtrate or solids dislodged by the filtrate …
Factors such as hydraulic fracturing or prepacked gravel-pack operations negate the advantages of a few extra inches of perforated length. For hydraulic fracturing or gravel-pack treatments, a large, …
Sand transport in well tubulars is dependent on the inside diameter of the pipe, fluid viscosity, changes in inside pipe diameter, …
Two-phase separator. In the two-phase units, gas is separated from the liquid with the gas and liquid being discharged separately. A horizontal, vertical, or spherical separator can be used. A level-control or dump valve allows the liquid (oil, emulsion) to exit the vessel at the bottom. At the top of the vessel, the gas passes through a mist ...
1 History. 2 References. 3 Noteworthy papers in OnePetro. 4 External links. 5 See also. 6 Category. History. The earliest gravel packs were performed in shallow, …
Knowing both the average reservoir pressure and skin, we can calculate the flow efficiency of the well. This method provides a direct and quantitative measure of the extent of formation damage in a well. Methods following the same principle have been developed for deviated and horizontal wells.
Pre-gravel pack acid treatments. One effective way to divert acid in a treatment before gravel packing is to use slugs of hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) gel and gravel-pack sand. Ammonium chloride brine mixed with HEC at a concentration of 90 lbm/1,000 gal can be mixed in 5-bbl batches with 100 lbm of correctly sized gravel-pack sand.
Gas lift. Gas lift is a method of artificial lift that uses an external source of high-pressure gas for supplementing formation gas to lift the well fluids. The principle of gas lift is that gas injected into the tubing reduces the density of the fluids in the tubing, and the bubbles have a "scrubbing" action on the liquids.
The tension packer has a single set of unidirectional slips that grip only the casing when the tubing is pulled in tension. Constant tubing tension must be maintained to keep the packer set and the packing element energized. Tension packers, typically, are set mechanically and are released by means of tubing rotation.
Fig. 4 – Correlation of areal sweep efficiency at breakthrough with mobility ratio for miscible and immiscible displacement in five-spot-pattern floods. On this figure, the mobility M has been calculated using the average water saturation in the water-contacted portion of the reservoir. The horizontal lines indicate what the range of mobility ratios M …
History. The earliest gravel packs were performed in shallow, vertical wells, typically by simply pouring gravel into the tubing/casing annulus and allowing the gravel to settle around a screen. Some screens were even washed into place after the gravel was placed. The technique is still employed in water wells but now is seldom used in oil/gas ...
Well preparation for gravel packing. Well preparation includes many activities to ensure that the well is completed properly. Some of these items and activities include appropriate drilling practices, cleanliness, completion fluids, perforating, perforation cleaning, acidizing, and/or specifications for rig and service company personnel.
Fluid flow through permeable media. This article discusses the basic concepts of single-component or constant-composition, single phase fluid flow in homogeneous petroleum reservoirs, which include flow equations for unsteady-state, pseudosteady-state, and steady-state flow of fluids. Various flow geometries are treated, …
For information about using content from PetroWiki, see PetroWiki:Permissions . PetroWiki is a comprehensive guide for all things E&P created by the Society of Petroleum Engineers and seeded from the seven volume Petroleum Engineering Handbook (PEH). This wiki allows SPE's membership to update and expand …
The horizontal shunt-screen gravel packs are commonly performed in the squeeze mode (no returns), and fracturing is believed to be occurring during the packing …
Fortunately, state-of-the-art drill-in fluids are usually effective in maintaining borehole stability while performing a horizontal …
The causes of wellbore instability are often classified into either mechanical (for example, failure of the rock around the hole because of high stresses, low rock strength, or inappropriate ...
Horizontal gravel packing. Gravel packing offers another option for completing a horizontal well when sand production represents a problem. The original perception was that technology was not available for gravel packing long, horizontal completions, and other alternatives, such as stand-alone …
(petrowiki n.d.) After curing, the consolidated gravel pack sand can be drilled out of the casing, leaving the resin-coated gravel in the perforations. The remaining consolidated gravel in the perforations acts as a permeable filter to prevent the production formation sand. Secondly, Wet resins (epoxies or furans) can also be used. To pump ...
Content of PetroWiki is intended for personal use only and to supplement, not replace, engineering judgment. ... Vertical displacement in linear and areal models. Waterflood design. Waterflood monitoring. ... The early completions consisted of gravel-packed slotted liners that were up to 1,000 ft long in the injectors and the producers.
Sand control. Conventional well completions in soft formations (the compressive strength is less than 1,000 psi) [1] commonly produce formation sand or fines with fluids. These formations are usually geologically young (Tertiary age) and shallow, and they have little or no natural cementation. "Friable" and "Unconsolidated" are two …
6.1 Record Keeping. 7 Operating Principles and Performance of Production-Logging Tools. 7.1 Temperature-Logging Tool. 7.2 Radioactive Tracer-Logging Tool. 7.3 Noise-Logging Tool. 7.4 Focused Gamma-Ray Density-Logging Tool. 7.5 Fluid-Capacitance-Logging Tool. 7.6 Unfocused Gamma Ray (Gravel-Pack) Density Logger.
Nodal analysis. Systems analysis has been used for many years to analyze the performance of systems composed of multiple interacting components. Gilbert [1] was perhaps the first to introduce the approach to oil and gas wells but Mach, Proano, and Brown [2] and Brown [3] popularized the concept, which is typically referred to as Nodal …
Horizontal Gravel Packing Gravel packing offers another option for completing a horizontal well when sand production represents a problem. The original …