The characterization of the waste zeolites synthesized by alkali activation and hydrothermal method shows that the amount of Si and Al dissolved from glass, quartz and mullite are 50%, 2% and 2%, respectively. ... 65 °C, 72 h. The natural clays kaolinite, bentonite and feldspar, the synthesized zeolites 13X–K, 13X–B and 13X–F, and the ...
As alkali-activators, the most commonly used compounds used are MOH and M 2 O ∙ rSiO 2, where M is either Na or K [39]. For activation of high-calcium precursors …
Application of acid-activated bentonite and SO3H-functionlized multiwall carbon nanotubes (SO3H-MWCNTs) for lowering free fatty acids (FFAs) content of low-quality residual olive oil, prior to alkali-catalyzed transesterification was investigated. The used bentonite was first characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), …
The third reaction raised the solution pH, which in turn hastened dehydroxylated bentonite dissolution, favouring its alkaline activation and the formation of N-A-S-H-like gels [14] (or (N,C)-A-S ...
This paper reviews (i) alkali-activated metakaolin-based cements incorporated with mineral supplementary materials from the point of view of the supplementary additions raw materials base ...
Herein, the facile one step acid activation of bentonite derived functionalized adsorbent (AB) for the effective remediation of both ionic and non-ionic …
An overview of the chemistry of alkali-activated cement-based binders. I. Garcia-Lodeiro, ... A. Fernández-Jiménez, in Handbook of Alkali-Activated Cements, Mortars and …
Bentonite was purchased from Shanghai Macklin Co., Ltd. Ultrapure water and deionised water were obtained from a lab pure water system (Ultra Pure, Hitech). Because RM contains a low amount of silicon and aluminium, fly ash was added to increase SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 contents and ensure the formation of sufficient liquid phase to obtain a …
The results show that the cleaning solution has a high potential to be used as an activator in the manufacturing of alkali activated cement, especially due to its …
For alkali activation, both raw and calcined clays with varying degrees of effectiveness can be used. ... whereas the low-pH concrete solution did not reduce the swelling capacity of bentonite ...
Ma et al., (2010) performed zeolite A synthesis from bentonite via alkali fusion-assisted hydrothermal method (Ma et al., 2010). A mixture of Al(OH) 3, Na 2 CO 3 and bentonite was fused at 830 ...
The reactive magnesia (MgO) is used as an alkali activator to activate granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) to prepare alkali activated slag-bentonite-soil vertical barrier (MSBS) material.
Results show that effective viscosity increased by the effect of activation and the best results of effective viscosity of bentonite was taken from the combined alkali and acid activation...
After the acid activation, the analysis data showed a significant change in the chemical composition in modified bentonite clay, compared to the raw bentonite …
The FA + MK-0.8 prepared in this study had the maximum removal efficiency of 94.21% for phosphate in water with a maximum adsorption capacity of 36.02 mg/kg. The alkali activation process destroyed the mineral structure of the material, increased the adsorption sites on the surface of the geopolymer, and accelerated phosphate …
The primary reaction products of alkali-activation of low-Ca precursors, such as clay minerals, are alkali aluminosilicates – these are classified as either crystalline zeolitic phases, or sodium aluminosilicate hydrates (N-A-S-H) gel frameworks. ... The term bentonite has been avoided here, as it is a commercial name than can refer to a ...
By calcining poor-quality bentonite with Na 2 CO 3 and dolomite, one-part alkali-activated cements (AACs) were produced. The alkali addition enhances the phase composition of the clinkers and makes hydration easier, which boosts the cementing activity under the suitable chemical circumstances and tolerable calcination settings (Peng et al. …
According to Provis et al. 40, the formation of C–S–H, C–A–H, and C–A–S–H gels depends on the activation of alkali metal hydroxides or carbonates (i.e., Na 2 CO 3). Increasing the ...
The sum of SiO 2 (69.9%), Al 2 O 3 (11.5%), and Fe 2 O 3 (1.6%) in the tuff powder exceeds 80%, indicating its potential for alkali activation [34]. The contents of CaO and MgO in GGBS are 33.9 and 10.6% respectively, which are normally used as supplemental calcium and magnesium in the cement industry [35, 36].
Activation of these shales was performed using the most popular (Na 2 CO 3), carboxy-methylcellulose, and polymers. The drilling mud qualities of the shales from Wadi El Natrun were significantly improved with additives and upgraded to have rheological properties compatible with American Petroleum Institute and Oil Companies Material ...
Alkali activation is a typical chemical treatment for fly ash that is used in a variety of applications. ... A plot of log Q e versus log C e would result in a straight line with a slope of (1/n) and intercept of ... (2017) A comprehensive review on recent developments in bentonite-based materials used as adsorbents for wastewater treatment. J ...
Bentonites. Alkali activation. Bauxite. (SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3) reactive. In the pursuit of new sources of aluminosilicates for alkaline cement manufacture, the present paper reports on the compositional and mineralogical assessment of the reactive potential of several types of bentonites.
Conclusions. Clay minerals have been shown to be the primary determinants of phase formation in alkali-activated soils. In zeolite-forming soil systems, the scale and type of zeolite particles formed were influenced by clay particle size, mineralogy and possibly processing conditions. In contrast, through the innovative use of synthetic soil ...
Bentonite production line – Crusher Bentonite processing… the crude bentonite … sodium activated bentonite process – Basalt Crusher Bentonite Process Plant CQC: ISO9001:2000 Brand Name: Binq Place of Origin: …
The bentonite beneficiation were carried out in two stages [9]; samples were milled, screened, washed with distilled water and dried at …
This review aims to provide a comprehensive assessment concerning alkali activation of natural stone wastes and minerals. In particular, the structure of the review is divided into two main sections in which the works dealing with alumino-silicate and carbonatic stones are discussed, respectively. Alumino-silicate stones are generally …
Alkali activation with sodium carbonates is a traditional method to improve bentonite properties for a variety of applications. In some applications, natural sodium-rich bentonites are preferred, and custom regulations require proper declaration of Na-rich bentonites, with respect to activation.
The optimum conditions for the activation to obtain a BE having the same bleaching power (0.60) as Tonsil® Optimum Bleaching Earth for soybean oil were determined as x = 0.35, T = 100°C and t = 2 h.
Alkali-activated binders or geopolymers are materials formed from a mixture of an aluminosilicate material with media solutions such as NaOH, sodium or potassium silicate, and phosphoric acid.[1, 2].While metakaolin (MK) is generally very often used as supplementary cementitious materials [3,4,5,6] as well as for geopolymers or zeolites …
The findings showed that de-hydroxylated bentonite reacted with an alkaline activator, yielding materials with cementitious properties. The addition of 10 % sodium …