3.3.12.1 Nitric Acid. Nitric acid (HNO3, also known as aqua fortis and spirit of niter) is a highly corrosive mineral acid. The pure compound is colorless, but older samples tend to acquire a yellow cast due to decomposition into nitrogen oxides (NO x) and water. Most commercially available nitric acid has a concentration of 68% (v/v) in water.
In order to better understand the role of uranium on the corrosion behavior of stainless in aqueous nuclear fuel reprocessing and decontamination operations, 304L stainless steel coupons were treated with nitric acid media at 45 °C and 90 °C in the presence of 0.3 M of uranyl nitrate. The impact of time, temperature, nitric acid …
For the relatively small number of adipic acid producers, N 2 O emissions reduction has mainly been voluntary 19; however, abatement of N 2 O in the more numerous nitric acid plants is seldom ...
The generated nitric acid leaving the column at the bottom has a concentration of about 50-65wt%. The vent gas leaving the column at the top meets the specification of TA-Luft or even lower. Process Flow Chart of QVF® NOx-Pressure absorption to produce nitric acid
CAS No. . Nitric acid (HNO₃) is a colorless liquid with yellow or red fumes with an acrid odor. Exposure to nitric acid can cause irritation to the eyes, skin, and mucous membrane; it can also cause delayed pulmonary edema, pneumonitis, bronchitis, and dental erosion. Nitric acid is highly corrosive. Workers may be harmed from ...
Nitric Acid Production Nitric acid plants are often part of a larger production facility, such as fertilizer or explosives manufacturing. This creates significantly different operational environments. Diluted HNO 3 with a concentration range from 30–70% is produced via ammonia oxidation, nitric oxide oxidation, and absorption, as shown in ...
The present work focuses on a strategy for optimizing mono pressure weak nitric acid plants. The optimization strategy addresses important processes which include oxidation of ammonia to nitric oxide, heat recovery from product stream of ammonia oxidation reactor and absorption accompanied by complex chemical reactions of multi …
Nitric acid is widely used in manufacture of fertilizers, dyes, pharmaceuticals, ammonium nitrate, and other speciality organic nitro-derivatives. In most applications, nitric acid is required in the concentrated form. The process of concentration of nitric acid involved pre-concentration of the acid by conventional method up to a concentration ...
Nitric acid is a water-soluble liquid that can range in color from clear to yellow and has a pungent acidic odor (Dow, 2008). Most of the chemical is used as weak, or industrial-grade, nitric acid and tends to range from a 50% to 70% …
When the concentration of nitric acid is 60–65%, the cellulose can be swollen, and small molecular compounds can be formed; when the concentration of nitric acid is 70–75%, the cellulose can be partially dissolved; when the concentration of nitric acid reaches 78–85%, the cellulose is completely dissolved and forms cellulose nitrate.
MAGNAC is used to produce 98.5 wt% high-concentration nitric acid from fresh, weak nitric acid. KBR's proven process and patented, unique equipment design and material selection ensure plant availability and reliability to deliver a high-value product …
High strength nitric acid (98 to 99 percent concentration) can be obtained by concentrating weak nitric acid (30 to 70 percent concentration) using extractive distillation. 1 The weak nitric acid cannot be concentrated by simple fractional distillation. The distillation must be carried out in the presence of a dehydrating agent.
The present work focuses on a strategy for optimizing mono pressure weak nitric acid plants. The optimization strategy addresses important processes which include oxidation of ammonia to nitric oxide, heat recovery from product stream of ammonia oxidation reactor and absorption accompanied by complex chemical reactions of multi …
8.8 Nitric Acid 8.8.1 General 1-2 In 1991, there were approximately 65 nitric acid (HNO 3) manufacturing plants in the U. S. with a total capacity of 11 million tons of HNO 3 per year. The plants range in size from 6,000 to 700,000 tons per year. About 70 percent of the nitric acid produced is consumed as an intermediate in the manufacture of
We have evaluated the kinetics of the catalytic oxidation of NO to NO2 using a Pt/alumina catalyst, under conditions relevant to industrial nitric acid production: NO and steam contents up to 5% and 20%, respectively, with temperatures from 250 to 350 °C, and pressures up to 4.7 bar. The objective is to replace the current homogeneous oxidation …
The prices of Nitric acid declined throughout the second quarter ending June 2023. The prices showed a dip of around 8.8% in the UK. Natural Gas and Ammonia, which are important inputs in the production of Nitric Acid, were both declining, which may be the cause of the decline in Nitric Acid prices. Further low procurement orders for …
An advanced exergetic analysis is applied to a nitric acid production plant with a capacity to process 350 tons/day with a concentration of 55 %. Where catalytic oxidation of ammonia, condensation, and absorption of nitrous gases are considered the primary process in nitric acid production.
8.8 Nitric Acid 8.8.1 General 1-2 In 1991, there were approximately 65 nitric acid (HNO 3) manufacturing plants in the U. S. with a total capacity of 11 million tons of HNO 3 per year. The plants range in size from 6,000 to 700,000 tons per year. About 70 percent of the nitric acid produced is consumed as an intermediate in the manufacture of
General information on nitric acid solution. In aqueous solutions, nitric acid HNO 3 is a strong acid completely dissociated into H + ions and NO 3 − nitrate ions (for acidities below 2–3 M) and a powerful oxidant. Under the action of light and heat, various degradation products of nitric acid can be formed: nitrogenous derivatives of HNO 3, …
The basic process technology for producing nitric acid has not changed significantly over time. Most US plants were built between 1960 and 2000. There are presently 40 active weak nitric acid production plants and one high-strength nitric acid production plant. These plants are listed in Appendix B.
nitric acid and tends to range from a 50% to 70% concentration of nitric acid in water (Dow, 2008). Fuming or concentrated nitric acid ranges from 85% to in concentration (Dow, 2008). 2.1.3 Materials and Costs of Production Ammonia is the chief raw material required for nitric acid production, and many nitric
gases exhausted from a 55-ton nitric acid plant approximates 4500 cfm. The stack gases may contain 0.2 to 0.4% (vol) oxides of nitrogen expressed as nitrogen dioxide. The concentration of nitric acid by distillation with sulfuric acid does not involve an absorption reaction as does the ammonia oxidation process. The nitric acid concentration ...
Concentrated nitric acid (> 95 wt %) is needed for the treatment of off-gases from a fuels-reprocessing plant. The production of concentrated nitric acid by means of extractive distillation in the two-pot apparatus was studied to determine the steady-state behavior of the system. Four parameters, EDP volume (V/sub EDP/) and temperature (T/sub ...
The global nitric acid market size was valued at USD 22.92 billion in 2022 and is projected to grow from USD 23.73 billion in 2023 to USD 30.39 billion by 2030, exhibiting a CAGR of 3.6% during the forecast period. Nitric acid (HNO3), also known as aqua fortis, is a colorless compound that turns yellow over a period of time due to the ...
high concentration (above 70% weight) nitric acid production process is not included. A typical plant of 1,000t.d-1capacity has been selected for further description but all data are calculated for one tonne of nitric acid because plant size has only a marginal effect on input and output-specific data, apart from energy.
Input a temperature and density within the range of the table to calculate for concentration or input concentration to calculate for density. The table below gives the density (kg/L) and the corresponding concentration (% weight) of Nitric Acid (HNO 3) solutions in water at different temperatures in degrees centigrade (°C). The table was taken ...
As base case a nitric acid plant with a production capacity of 1500 t nitric acid (as 100 wt.%) per day, a tail-gas flow of 200,000 Nm 3 h −1 and a N 2 O concentration of 1500 ppmv in the tail-gas has been used. A distinction is made between new and existing nitric acid plants.
An aqueous solution of (typically) 55%–65% (v/v) nitric acid is withdrawn from the bottom of the tower; the acid concentration can vary from 30% to 70% (v/v) nitric acid. However, the acid concentration depends upon the temperature, pressure, and number of absorption stages as well as on the concentration of nitrogen oxides entering the …
Nitric acid, colorless, fuming, and highly corrosive liquid that is a common laboratory reagent and an important industrial chemical for the manufacture of fertilizers and explosives. It is toxic and can cause severe burns. Learn more about the properties and uses of nitric acid in this article.
The majority of this nitric acid is used for the production of fertilizers. Other processes such as the production of explosives, pigments, rocket fuels or polyurethanes require higher concentrated nitric acid. For the …